What determines the reach of a solid stream hand line?

The reach of a solid stream hand line is primarily determined by the pressure at the nozzle. Higher nozzle pressure results in a greater velocity of the water exiting the nozzle, which enhances the stream's reach. When water is propelled out with greater force due to increased pressure, it can maintain its trajectory over a longer distance, effectively allowing firefighters to reach areas that are farther away for effective firefighting efforts. Moreover, the characteristics of the stream, such as its pattern and distance, are directly influenced by how much pressure is applied at the nozzle.

While the size of the nozzle, the diameter of the hose, and the length of the hose can affect other aspects of fire suppression and water delivery systems, it is the pressure at the nozzle that is the critical factor in determining how far a solid stream will travel.