What force causes a nozzle to move in the opposite direction of water flow?

The movement of a nozzle in the opposite direction of water flow is attributed to nozzle reaction. When water is expelled through the nozzle at high velocity, it generates a reaction force that acts in the opposite direction of the water's movement. This phenomenon follows Newton's Third Law of Motion, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

In the context of firefighting or any fluid dynamics involving hoses and nozzles, when water is forced out, it creates a substantial amount of pressure pushing backward against the nozzle and the firefighter holding it. This reaction can cause the nozzle to recoil or move backward unless it is adequately stabilized.

Understanding this concept is crucial for firefighters, as managing nozzle reaction impacts the effective use and control of firefighting equipment. Knowledge of nozzle reaction helps ensure firefighters can handle hoses safely and effectively, preventing loss of control during operation.